This was followed with a questionnaire that examined the participants' activity level and cognitive functioning. 72 participants aged 60–79 from northern Italy were recruited to describe their best friend, with stories being transcribed and coded based on the level of detailed vocabulary used. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between activity level, older people's social relationships, and their associated theory of mind. Īnother study analyzed the aging population's ability to "describe a friend" by utilizing the theory of mind, which describes an individual's capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them. Findings of this study reveal that there is a strong, positive correlation between extraversion and activity level, with participants indicating that a high activity level was most likely paired with the perception of good mental and physical health. The associations between activity level and each variable were examined by comparing results with low, moderate, and high activity levels of extraverted individuals. Through a series of telephone interviews in Hong Kong, China, a sample of 304 adults over the age of 50 were surveyed on perceived physical and mental health, level of extraversion, and level of activity. One quantitative study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the effects of extraverted personality on aging activity levels through addressing its interaction with physical and mental health. Historically, activity participation among aging populations has been well explained in research, yet the interaction of determinants like personality and health are seldom included. The activity theory has been found useful in various qualitative and quantitative research settings, with social scientists exploring the impact of activity on aspects of the aging life. In 1964, Bernice Neugarten asserted that satisfaction in old age depended on active maintenance of personal relationships and endeavors. The activity theory and the disengagement theory were the two major theories that outlined successful aging in the early 1960s. The activity theory rose in opposing response to the disengagement theory. Though in recent years the acceptance activity theory has diminished, it is still used as a standard to compare observed activity and life satisfaction patterns. The other two psychosocial theories are the disengagement theory, with which the activity comes to odds, and the continuity theory which modifies and elaborates upon the activity theory. The activity theory is one of three major psychosocial theories which describe how people develop in old age. The theory predicts that older adults that face role loss will substitute former roles with other alternatives. Īctivity theory reflects the functionalist perspective that argues the equilibrium an individual develops in middle age should be maintained in later years. One author suggests that activity enables older adults to adjust to retirement in a more seamless and less stressful fashion. The theory assumes a positive relationship between activity and life satisfaction. Book clubs, club sports, barbeques, volunteer work, fitness classes, brunch dates, holiday celebrations and protests are just a few examples of how people maintain a healthy social life, which the activity theory of aging reports contributes to overall health in later life. Activity theory suggests that the aging process is slowed or delayed, and quality of life is enhanced when the elderly remain socially active (attending or hosting events or pursuits that bring members of a community together to interact with each other). The activity theory of aging, also known as the implicit theory of aging, normal theory of aging, and lay theory of aging, proposes that aging occurs with more positive outcomes when adults stay active and maintain social interactions as they get older. The activity theory states that optimal aging occurs when individuals participate in activities, pursuits, and relationships. Theory of aging Two older adults dancing.
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